Single-Phase Induction Motors
The single-phase engine operates beneath the same principle as the polyphase engine, except that the rotating magnetic field effect generated by the stator does not exist until running rpm is reached. Since no starting torque is available, a design mechanism is included to begin the motor. They are the various designations:

Torque-Speed Curves of Single Phase Induction Motor Different Single-Phase Induction Motors

Shaded-pole: Have only 1 main winding and no begin winding. This configuration causes a change of the applied magnetic field in relationship to the rotor, creating stating torque. Applications include supporters and small appliances.

Split-Phase (induction start engine)
Has two sets of stator windings. The “start” windings sit 90 degrees to the “run” windings and shift the magnetic field of the stator, inducing starting torque. Applications include little grinders, small followers, and blowers.

Capacitor-Start
The most common single-phase motor used in industrial applications. It is a modified split-phase motor with a capacitor in series with the beginning winding to supply a start boost. Application include small conveyors, huge blowers, pumps, and direct-drives.

Permanent-Split-Capacitor (PSC)
Uses identical primary and auxiliary windings with a capacitor to provide starting torque. They will be the most reliable single-phase motor because no centrifugal beginning switch is necessary. Applications include followers and pumps in HVAC and refrigeration industries.